What are Central Nervous System (CNS) Tumors?
The central nervous system (CNS) comprises the brain and spinal cord.
A CNS tumour begins when healthy brain or spinal cord cells transform and proliferate uncontrollably, forming a mass. CNS tumours can be either malignant or benign, and both types can potentially be dangerous. Malignant tumours are cancerous and can grow rapidly and spread to other body parts. Benign tumours are typically slower-growing and do not spread to other body parts.
CNS tumours are particularly concerning because they can affect cognitive processes and movement, and the surrounding tissues are often crucial for the body’s functioning. Treatment of CNS tumours in infants and young children can be incredibly challenging because the child’s brain is still developing. Doctors consider all these factors when creating the best treatment plan for a child with a CNS tumour.
What are the Types of CNS Tumors in Children?
- Astrocytoma
- Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG)
- Ependymoma
- Medulloblastoma
- Germ Cell Tumor
What are the Symptoms of CNS Tumors?
The symptoms of a brain tumour can vary widely depending on the tumour’s size, location, and growth rate. Common symptoms of brain tumours include:
- Onset of Headaches or Change in Headache Type
- Gradually Increasing Frequency and Severity of Headaches
- Unexplained Nausea or Vomiting
- Visual Issues: Blurred vision, double vision, or loss of peripheral vision.
- Gradual Loss of Sensation or Movement in an Arm or Leg
- Difficulty with Balance
- Speech Difficulties
- Feeling Extremely Tired
How are CNS Tumors Diagnosed?
If a brain tumour is suspected, a range of tests and procedures may be recommended, including:
Neurological Examination: This may involve checking your vision, hearing, balance, coordination, strength, and reflexes. Difficulties in one or more areas can provide clues about which part of your brain might be affected by the tumour.
Imaging Tests: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is commonly used to help diagnose brain tumours. Functional MRI and other imaging tests, such as Computed Tomography (CT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET), may be recommended in certain situations.
Collection and testing of a sample of abnormal tissue. (Biopsy)
How Are CNS Tumors Treated?
Treatment for a brain tumour depends on the type, size, and location of the tumour, as well as your overall health and preferences. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, radiosurgery, chemotherapy, targeted drug therapy, and post-treatment rehabilitation.
*Source:
https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/central-nervous-system-tumors-brain-and-spinal-cord-childhood
