What is Hepatocellular Carcinoma?
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a cancer that starts in your liver. It is different from “secondary” liver cancers that spread to the liver from other organs. If detected early, it can sometimes be treated with surgery or a transplant. It cannot be cured in more advanced cases, but treatment and support can help you live longer and better.
What are the causes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma?
The exact cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not fully known, but some factors that may increase the risk of developing HCC include:
- Hepatitis B or C
- Cirrhosis
- Alcohol consumption
- Obesity or diabetes
- Hemochromatosis (iron overload)
- Aflatoxins (mold)
What are the symptoms of Hepatocellular Carcinoma?
Typically, 90% to 95% of patients present with the following three symptoms:
- Pain in the upper right side
- Weight loss
- Palpable mass
How is Hepatocellular Carcinoma diagnosed?
To diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma, the following tests may be used:
- Blood Test: A blood sample is taken to check for a protein called AFP (alpha-fetoprotein). High levels of AFP can be a sign of liver cancer, as it is typically high in unborn babies but decreases after birth in most people.
- Imaging Tests: You may need an ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to look for tumours in your liver. An ultrasound uses sound waves to create images of your liver. A CT scan is a powerful X-ray that provides detailed pictures of your body. An MRI uses strong magnets and radio waves to create images of your liver.
- Biopsy
How is Hepatocellular Carcinoma treated?
There are several treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma. These include targeted therapies, immunotherapy, cryoablation and radiofrequency ablation, partial liver resection, and liver transplantation.
*Source:
https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/liver-cancer/introduction
https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/liver-cancer/risk-factors-and-prevention
https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/liver-cancer/symptoms-and-signs
https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/liver-cancer/diagnosis
https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/liver-cancer/types-treatment
